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Other Income (Expense), Net

(in millions, except for percentages)
Other income (expense), net

2023

2024

$ Change

% Change

$

(2) $

— $

2

NM

Year Ended December 31,

_______________
NM – Not meaningful.

Other income (expense), net was not material for the periods presented.

Provision for Income Taxes

(in millions, except for percentages)
Provision for income taxes

2023

2024

$ Change

% Change

$

2 $

1 $

(1)

NM

Year Ended December 31,

______________
NM – Not meaningful.

Provision for income taxes was not material for the periods presented.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our consolidated financial statements prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, we use 
certain  non-GAAP  financial  measures,  as  described  below,  to  facilitate  analysis  of  our  operating  performance 
and for internal planning and forecasting purposes.

We  use  Adjusted  Operating  Income  (Loss),  Adjusted  Operating  Margin,  and  Adjusted  Net  Income  (Loss)  to 
evaluate  our  operating  performance,  formulate  business  plans,  prepare  budgets  and  forecasts,  and  make 
strategic decisions, including those relating to operating expenses and the allocation of internal resources. By 
excluding  certain  items  that  management  believes  are  not  directly  reflective  of  the  ongoing  operating 
performance  of  our  business,  we  believe  these  non-GAAP  financial  measures  provide  investors,  analysts,  and 
others  with  meaningful  insight  and  enhance  their  overall  understanding  of  our  business  and  financial 
performance  by  providing  a  more  consistent  and  comparable  overview  of  our  financial  performance  across 
periods. 

Other  companies  in  our  industry,  including  those  with  similar  business  models,  may  define  or  calculate 
similarly  titled  measures  in  different  ways,  which  may  limit  the  usefulness  of  these  measures  for  direct 
comparison. In addition, other companies may not publish these or similar metrics. Further, these metrics have 
certain  limitations  in  that  they  do  not  include  the  impact  of  certain  expenses  that  are  reflected  on  our 
consolidated  statements  of  operations.  Thus,  our  non-GAAP  financial  measures  should  not  be  viewed  in 
isolation  or  as  a  replacement  for  the  most  directly  comparable  measures  prepared  in  accordance  with  GAAP. 
We encourage investors and others to review our business, financial condition, and results of operations in their 
entirety,  not  to  rely  on  any  single  financial  measure,  and  to  view  our  non-GAAP  financial  measures  in 
conjunction  with  their  respective  most  directly  comparable  financial  measures  calculated  in  accordance  with 
GAAP,  as  well  as  our  consolidated  financial  statements  and  accompanying  notes  included  elsewhere  in  this 
prospectus.

Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) and Adjusted Operating Margin

We define Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) as operating loss excluding (i) stock-based compensation expense, 
(ii) non-cash charitable contributions, and (iii) the Bartz settlement. We define Adjusted Operating Margin as 
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) divided by revenue. 

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